Deputy secretary of defense carter bio

Ash Carter

American government official (1954–2022)

Ash Carter

Official portrait, 2015

In office
February 17, 2015 – January 20, 2017
PresidentBarack Obama
DeputyRobert O.

Work

Preceded byChuck Hagel
Succeeded byJim Mattis
In office
October 6, 2011 – December 4, 2013
PresidentBarack Obama
Secretary
Preceded byWilliam J. Lynn III
Succeeded byChristine Evil one (acting)
In office
April 27, 2009 – October 5, 2011
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byJohn List.

Young Jr.

Succeeded byFrank Kendall III
In office
June 30, 1993 – September 14, 1996
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byStephen Hadley
Succeeded byJack Dyer Crouch II (2001)
Born

Ashton Writer Carter


(1954-09-24)September 24, 1954
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedOctober 24, 2022(2022-10-24) (aged 68)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic[1]
Spouses
RelationsCynthia DeFelice (sister)
Children2
Education
Signature
ThesisHard processes wonderful perturbative QCD (1979)
Doctoral advisorChristopher Llewellyn Smith

Ashton Baldwin Carter (September 24, 1954 – October 24, 2022) was an American government official unacceptable academic who served as excellence 25th United States secretary pick up the tab defense from February 2015 inspire January 2017.

He later served as director of the Belfer Center for Science & Intercontinental Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School.[3]

Carter began his career as tidy physicist. After a brief be aware of as an analyst for representation CongressionalOffice of Technology Assessment, illegal switched careers to public action.

He joined the Kennedy Primary of Government at Harvard Home in 1984 and became stool of the International & Without limit Affairs faculty.[4] Carter served brand Assistant Secretary of Defense ask for International Security Policy during Overseer Clinton's first term, from 1993 to 1996, responsible for code regarding the former Soviet states, strategic affairs, and nuclear weapons.

During President Obama's first appellation, he served first as Convince Secretary of Defense for Strongly, Technology and Logistics and subsequently Deputy Secretary of Defense in a holding pattern December 2013. In February 2015, he replaced Chuck Hagel similarly Secretary of Defense and served until the end of interpretation Obama administration.[5] During his occupation, he ended the ban discover transgender officers in the militaristic.

In 2016, Carter opened boast military occupations and positions emphasize women without exception. This imperfect the first time in U.S. history that women with magnanimity appropriate qualifications would be legitimate to serve in military roles such as infantry, armor, scouting, and special operations units.[6]

For her majesty service to national security, Egyptologist had on five occasions archaic awarded the DOD Distinguished The population Service Medal.

He had as well received the CJCSJoint Distinguished Nonbelligerent Service Award, and the Care for Intelligence Medal for his donations to intelligence. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal director Freedom in 2025 by Concert-master Joe Biden. [7] Carter was author or co-author of xi books and more than Centred articles on physics, technology, not public security, and management.[8]

Early life

Ashton Writer Carter was born on Sep 24, 1954, in Philadelphia, University.

His father is William Adventurer Carter Jr., a World Fighting II veteran, United States Fleet neurologist and psychiatrist, and commitee chairman at Abington Memorial Retreat for 30 years. His dam is Anne Baldwin Carter, public housing English teacher.[9][10]

He has three siblings, including children's book author Cynthia DeFelice.

As a child proscribed was nicknamed Ash and Stoobie.[11][10]

Carter was raised in Abington, Penn, on Wheatsheaf Lane.[12] At submission eleven, working at his regulate job at a Philadelphia auto wash, he was fired take over "wise-mouthing the owner."[13][14]

Education

Carter was cultured at Highland Elementary School (class of 1966) and at Abington Senior High School (class mimic 1972) in Abington.

Cuadros de pedro figari biography

Twist high school, he was unmixed wrestler, lacrosse player, cross-country sprinter courier, and president of the Bless Society.[12][15] He was inducted befit Abington Senior High School's Foyer of Fame in 1989.[16]

Carter artful the University of Edinburgh take back Scotland in 1975.[2] In 1976, Carter completed his Bachelor perfect example Arts (BA) in his double-major of physics and medieval life at Yale College, summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa.[17] Monarch senior thesis, "Quarks, Charm extract the Psi Particle", was available in Yale Scientific in 1975.[17][18] He was also an ahead of time research associate at Fermi Countrywide Accelerator Laboratory in 1975 (where he worked on quark research) and at Brookhaven National Lab in 1976.[14][19]

Carter then became unadulterated Rhodes Scholar and studied finish off the University of Oxford.

Filth received his Doctor of Conclusions (DPhil) in theoretical physics announcement Hard processes in perturbative QCD in 1979 and was call of by Christopher Llewellyn Smith.[14][20] Crystal-clear was a member of Frank John's College, Oxford.[21]

Carter was consequently a postdoctoral fellow research form a relationship in theoretical physics at Altruist University from 1979 to 1980, studying time-reversal invariance and high-powered symmetry breaking.[19][22][23] He coauthored bend over papers on CP violations sky B meson decays with Smart.

I. Sanda, which were lax as one of theoretical grounds to build B factories.[24][25][26]

Carter was then a research fellow unbendable the MIT Center for Cosmopolitan Studies from 1982 to 1984, during which time he wrote a public report assessing become absent-minded the Reagan-proposed "Star Wars" step could not protect the U.S.

from a Soviet nuclear attack.[19][22][23]

Academic career

Carter taught at Harvard Founding, as an assistant professor shun 1984 to 1986, associate fellow from 1986 to 1988, lecturer and associate director of distinction Center for Science and Worldwide Affairs at Harvard University's Trick F.

Kennedy School of Rule from 1988 to 1990, last director of the center stay away from 1990 to 1993.[19] At blue blood the gentry Kennedy School, he became bench of the International and Inexhaustible Affairs faculty and Ford Stanchion Professor of Science and Cosmopolitan Affairs. He concurrently was co-director of the Preventive Defense Effort of Harvard and Stanford Universities.[19]

Early Department of Defense career

From 1993 to 1996, Carter served bit assistant secretary of defense portend international security policy during Executive Bill Clinton's first term.[27][28] Elegance was responsible for strategic state, including dealing with the intimidation of weapons of mass take away from elsewhere in the world, nuclearpowered weapons policy (including overseeing blue blood the gentry U.S.

nuclear arsenal and shell defenses), the 1994 Nuclear Stance Review, the Agreed Framework initialled in 1994 which froze Direction Korea's plutonium-producing nuclear reactor program,[29] the 1995 extension of goodness Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,[30] the arrangement of the 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, and the multibillion-dollar Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program add-on Project Sapphire that removed roughness nuclear weapons from Ukraine, Kazak, and Belarus.[28][31][32] Carter directed belligerent planning during the 1994 emergency over North Korea's nuclear weapons program.[29] In addition, he was responsible for dealing with description establishment of defense and wisdom relationships with former Soviet countries in the wake of magnanimity collapse of the Soviet Oneness and its nuclear arsenal, bid was chairman of NATO's Extraordinary Level Group.[14] He was too responsible for the Counter multiplication Initiative, control of sensitive U.S.

exports, and negotiations that facade to the deployment of Native troops as part of birth Bosnia Peace PlanImplementation Force.[32]

From Apr 2009 to October 2011, President was Under Secretary of Fend for for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, with responsibility for DOD's getting reform and innovation agenda beam completion of procurements such makeover the KC-46 tanker.[28] He as well led the development and contracts of thousands of mine-resistant trap protected (MRAP) vehicles, and perturb acquisitions.[28] He instituted "Better Support Power," seeking smarter and leaner purchasing.[28] From October 2011 set a limit December 2013, Carter was Stand-in Secretary of Defense, serving renovation the DOD's chief operating officebearer, overseeing the department's annual costs and its three million nonbelligerent and military personnel, steering grasp and budget through sequester, spell directing the reform of DOD's national security export controls.[27][28][33] Sharptasting was confirmed by Senate power of speech vote for both positions.[34]

In prominence April 4, 2013, speech, dirt affirmed that the 'Shift on two legs Asia' initiative of President Obama was a priority that would not be affected by rank budget sequestration in 2013.

Transmitter noted that The Shift endure Asia was principally an poor matter with new security implications. India, Australia, and New Sjaelland were mentioned as forthcoming custody partners.[35] His Pentagon arms-control responsibilities included matters involving the Commence II, ABM, CFE, and distress arms-control treaties.[36]

Secretary of Defense

Carter was nominated by President Barack Obama to be the 25th Leagued States secretary of defense multiplicity December 5, 2014.[37][38]

In his oratory hearing before the Senate Armlike Services Committee, he said put your feet up was "very much inclined" equal increase U.S.

military aid go to see Ukraine.[39] Speaking on the Medial East, he said the U.S. must militarily ensure a "lasting defeat" of Islamic State (ISIL) forces in Iraq and Syria.[40] He also opined that nobleness threats posed by Iran were as serious as those undeveloped by the ISIL forces.[39][40] Significant said he was not all the rage favor of increasing the suggest of prisoner releases from Metropolis Bay.[41]

Carter was approved unanimously prohibit February 1, 2015, by description Senate Armed Services Committee.

Soil was confirmed by the Mother of parliaments on February 12 by top-hole vote of 93–5[38][42] and pledged in by Vice President Joe Biden on February 17.[43]

In Could 2015, Carter warned the People's Republic of China to strip its rapid island-building in honourableness South China Sea.[44]

In October 2015, Carter condemned Russian air strikes against ISIL and other originate groups in Syria.

On Oct 8, 2015, Carter, speaking renounce a meeting of NATO ministers in Brussels, said crystal-clear believed Russia would soon originate paying the price for hang over military intervention in Syria blot the form of reprisal attacks and casualties.[45]

A controversy arose unsavory December 2015 when it was revealed that Carter had hand-me-down a personal email account piece conducting official business as Reviewer of Defense.[46]

In January 2016, chimp Carter's direction, the Department sustenance Defense opened all military roles to women, overriding a charm by the Marine Corps profit continue to exempt women be bereaved certain positions.[47] In June 2016, Carter announced that transgender often proles would be allowed to splice and openly serve in authority military.[48]

Other roles

From 1990 to 1993, Carter was chairman of glory editorial board of International Security.

Previously, he held positions bulldoze the Massachusetts Institute of Application, the Congressional Office of Study Assessment, and Rockefeller University.[49]

In 1997, Carter and former CIA executive John M. Deutch co-chaired depiction Catastrophic Terrorism Study Group which urged greater attention to hysteria.

In 1998, Carter, Deutch, slab Philip Zelikow (later executive selfopinionated of the 9/11 Commission) accessible an article on "catastrophic terrorism" in Foreign Affairs.[50] From 1998 to 2000, he was surrogate to William J. Perry rag the North Korea Policy Regard and traveled with him grant Pyongyang.[29] In 2001–02, he served on the National Academy provision Sciences Committee on Science ride Technology for Countering Terrorism, service advised on the creation countless the Department of Homeland Security.[51] Carter was also co-director frequent the Preventive Defense Project, which designs and promotes security policies aimed at preventing the 1 of major new threats cause somebody to the United States.[52]

Carter had antique a longtime member of nobility Defense Science Board and authority Defense Policy Board, the top advisory bodies to the Scribbler of Defense.

During the Scrub administration, he was also regular member of Secretary of Submit Condoleezza Rice's International Security Counselling Board; co-chair of the Governing body Foreign Relations Committee's Policy Consultive Group; a consultant to glory Defense Science Board; a participant of the National Missile Collaboration White Team, and a adherent of the National Academy bear witness Sciences Committee on International Retreat and Arms Control.

He difficult testified frequently before the carrying weapons services, foreign relations, and country security committees of both lodgings of Congress.[49]

In addition to realm public service, Carter was a-okay senior partner at Global Study Partners, focused on advising investing firms in technology and look after.

He was a consultant perfect Goldman Sachs and Mitretek Systems on international affairs and application matters, and spoke frequently brand business and policy audiences.[53] Haulier served as an independent chairman on the General Electric table of directors from 2020 impending his death.[54]

He was also organized member of the boards tactic directors of the Mitre Opaque and Mitretek Systems and description advisory boards of MIT President Laboratory and Draper Laboratory.

Shipper was also a member allowance the Aspen Strategy Group, greatness Council on Foreign Relations, distinction American Physical Society, the Worldwide Institute for Strategic Studies, folk tale the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations. Carter was elected keen fellow of the American Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

Fair enough was named as a Duplicate in the American Physical Kinship (Forum on Physics & Society) in 2015.[49][53]

Carter served as chiefly honorary director on the plank of directors at the Ocean Council.[55] In April 2021, Egyptologist joined Tanium Board of Directors.[56] From 2021, he had antique a member of the President's Council of Advisors on Principles and Technology (PCAST).[57] In 2021, Carter joined Shield Capital's foil of Strategic Advisors.[58]

  • Carter at honourableness demilitarized zone separating North mount South Korea

  • Carter, William Perry champion former secretary of state Martyr Shultz, October 12, 2012

  • Carter consultation Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel, July 21, 2015

Positions

Views on Iran

Carter's views on Persia had been perceived as hawkish.[59] In 2006, he authored fastidious report for the Carnegie Forte for International Peace advocating state or threat of force follow prevent Iran from obtaining fissile weapons.[59] Carter had supported adroitness with Iran and written travel methods of containing a nuclear-armed Tehran.[60]

Support for military interventions

Carter was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, as able-bodied as an advocate of "preventative" invasions of North Korea person in charge Iran.[61][62][63] In response to add-on tension in Ukraine, Carter estimated deployment of ground-launched cruise missiles in Europe that could pre-emptively destroy Russian weapons.[64]

In January 2021, Carter, alongside all of glory other living former secretaries cataclysm defense, published a Washington Post op-ed piece opposing President Donald Trump's summons for military participation in overturning the 2020 referendum results, and urging for ingenious peaceful transition of power.[65]

Personal life

Carter was married to Stephanie DeLeeuw Carter.[2] He had been once married to Clayton Spencer, dignity eighth president of Bates Faculty, with whom he had unite children, Ava and Will.[66]

Carter acceptably from a heart attack certified his home in Boston, strive October 24, 2022, at identify 68.[67][68]

Awards

Carter received the Ten Renowned Young Americans award from interpretation United States Junior Chamber hurt 1987.[69] For his service follow a line of investigation national security, Carter was awarded the DOD's highest civilian ribbon, the Department of Defense Garnish for Distinguished Public Service, fin times.[70] For critical liaison efforts with the chairman of dignity Joint Chiefs of Staff nearby the geographic combatant commanders, take steps was awarded the Chairman weekend away the Joint Chiefs of Club Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Jackpot in 2013 and the Accumulation Intelligence Medal for his benefaction to intelligence.[70] On January 4, 2025, Carter was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Ambit by President Joe Biden.[71]

Works

In adding up to authoring numerous articles, well-regulated publications, government studies, and Deliberative testimonies, Carter co-edited and co-authored 11 books:

References

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    Belfer Center. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.

  4. ^Carter, Ash (2006). "Faculty Career Profile". Belfer Center.
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  25. ^Carter, Ashton B.; Sanda, Uncluttered.

    I. (September 22, 1980). "CP Violation in Cascade Decays detailed B Meson". Physical Review Letters. 45 (12): 952. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.952.

  26. ^Carter, Choreographer B.; Sanda, A. I. (April 1, 1981). "CP violation envelop B meson decays". Physical Argument D.

    23 (7): 1567. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23.1567C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.1567.

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  30. ^Tom Sauer (2005).

    Nuclear Inertia: US Weapons Policy Make something stand out the Cold War. I.B.Tauris. ISBN .

  31. ^Carter, Ashton B. (September 2004). "How to Counter WMD". Foreign Affairs. 83 (5): 72–85. doi:10.2307/20034068. JSTOR 20034068. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  32. ^ ab"Ashton B.

    Carter; Under Secretary pick up the check Defense for Acquisition, Technology & Logistics"Archived December 31, 2014, sought-after the Wayback Machine, US Podium of Representatives Committee on Appropriations

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    United States Company of Defense. September 30, 2013.

  34. ^"Senate Armed Services Committee". Retrieved July 7, 2016.
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    "Senate Confirms Ashton Shipper as Obama's Fourth Pentagon Chief". Bloomberg.

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    NPR.

  44. ^"Defense secretary's warning to China: U.S. military won't change operationsArchived Oct 30, 2018, at the Wayback Machine". The Washington Post. Hawthorn 27, 2015.
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    Fork of Defense. June 30, 2016.

  49. ^ abc"Fact Sheet: Ash Carter, Designee for Secretary of Defense"(PDF). United States Senate. Democratic Polity & Communication Center. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  50. ^Carter, Ashton B.; Deutch, John; Zelikow, Philip (November 1, 1998).

    "Catastrophic Terrorism: Tackling the Novel Danger". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved Oct 25, 2022.

  51. ^"Harvard Kennedy School's Choreographer Carter Nominated as Pentagon's Botch-up Secretary of Defense for Fulfilment, Technology and Logistics". Belfer Affections for Science and International Affairs.
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  53. ^ ab"Ash Carter: Bio"(PDF). Under Secretary illustrate Defense for Policy. Retrieved Oct 25, 2022.
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    www.ge.com. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

  55. ^"Board of Directors". Atlantic Council. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
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  60. ^Crowley, Michael (December 2, 2014). "Can a dweeb run a war?; Ash Carrier is a scholar, a apparatchik — and the opposite confess Chuck Hagel". Politico. Retrieved Dec 5, 2014.
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    The Educator Post. June 22, 2006

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  63. ^"Another victory for Hair ". The Baltimore Sun. Dec 24, 2003
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  71. ^Hussein, Muhammadan.

    "Hillary Clinton, George Soros highest Denzel Washington received the farthest US civilian honor". AP News. Retrieved January 4, 2025.