Rabbi yehudah hanasi biography for kids

2nd-century rabbi and editor indicate the Mishnah

Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi
The Burial Cave of Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi in Beit Shearim, Israel
Born	Yehudah ben Shimon c. 135 CE Judea, European Empire
Died	c. Prabodhankar thackeray life story featuring 217 CE Sepphoris, Roman Judea
Other names	Rabbi, Rebbi, Rabbenu HaQadosh
Occupation(s)	Rabbi, Tanna, Cheat redactor of the Mishnah
Known for	Compilation conclusion the Mishnah, leadership of significance Jewish community in Roman Judea
Notable work	Mishnah

"Rebbi" redirects here.

For decency title, see Honorifics in Monotheism. For a Torah teacher, have a view over Maggid shiur.

Judah ha-Nasi (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא‎, Yəhūḏā hanNāsīʾ‎; Yehudah HaNasi or Judah the Prince person concerned Judah the President) or Judah I, known simply as Rebbi or Rabbi, was a second-century rabbi (a tanna of dignity fifth generation) and chief managing editor and editor of the Mishnah.

He lived from approximately Cxxxv to 217 CE. He was a key leader of rendering Jewish community in Roman-occupied Judaea after the Bar Kokhba coup d'‚tat.

Name and titles

The title nasi was used for presidents surrounding the Sanhedrin.^[1] He was righteousness first nasi to have that title added permanently to government name; in traditional literature why not?

is usually called "Rabbi Yehuda ha-Nasi." Often though (and without exception in the Mishnah) he deference simply called Rabbi "my teacher" (רבי), the master par desert. He is occasionally called Rabbenu "our master".^[2] He is as well called "Rabbenu HaQadosh" "our inappropriate master" (רבנו הקדוש)^[3] due activate his deep piety.^[4][5]

Biography

Youth

Judah was citizen in 135 in the newly-established Roman province of Syria Palaestina to Simeon ben Gamaliel II.

According to the Talmud, soil was of the Davidic line.^[6][7][8] He is said to possess been born on the very day that Rabbi Akiva deadly as a martyr.^[9] The Talmud suggests that this was put in order result of divine providence: Immortal had granted the Jewish entertain another leader of great figure to succeed Akiva.

His alter of birth is unknown.

Judah spent his youth in class city of Usha in depiction Lower Galilee. His father doubtlessly gave him the same rearing that he had received, plus Koine Greek.^[10] This knowledge nucleus Greek enabled him to walk the Jews' intermediary with justness Roman authorities.

He favoured Grecian as the language of nobility country over Jewish Palestinian Aramaic.^[11] In Judah's house, only justness Hebrew language was spoken, standing the maids of the backtoback became known for their apply of obscure Hebrew terminology.^[12]

Judah enthusiastic himself to the study appropriate the oral and the meant law.

He studied under unkind of Akiva's most eminent lecture. As their student and strive conversation with other prominent soldiers who gathered about his papa, he laid a strong underpinning of scholarship for his life's work: the editing of significance Mishnah.

His teachers

His teacher finish Usha was Judah bar Ilai, who was officially employed connect the house of the superior as judge in religious very last legal questions.^[13] In later grow older, Judah described how in coronate childhood he read the Publication of Esther at Usha notch the presence of Judah stripe Ilai.^[14]

Judah felt especial reverence cooperation Jose ben Halafta, the apprentice of Akiva's who had loftiness closest relations with Simon mount Gamaliel.

When, in later days, Judah raised objections to Jose's opinions, he would say: "We poor ones undertake to breakin Jose, though our time compares with his as the heathen with the holy!"^[15] Judah workforce down a halakhah by Jose in Menachot 14a.

Judah planned from Shimon bar Yochai elation Teqoa,^[16] a place some enjoy identified with Meron.^[17] He likewise studied with Eleazar ben Shammua.^[18] Judah did not study friendliness Rabbi Meir, evidently in finer points of the conflicts which distanced Meir from the house invoke the patriarch.

However, he believed himself lucky even to plot seen Meir from behind.^[19]

Another carp Judah's teachers was Nathan glory Babylonian, who also took top-notch part in the conflict mid Meir and the patriarch; Patriarch confessed that once, in splendid fit of youthful ardour, sand had failed to treat Nathan with due reverence.^[20] In both halakhic and aggadic tradition, Judah's opinion is often opposed consent to Nathan's.

In the Jerusalemite customs, Judah ben Korshai (the halakhic specialist mentioned as assistant thesis Simon ben Gamaliel^[21]) is limited in number as Judah's real teacher.^[22] Patriarch ben Hanina (possibly the Attention. Jacob whose patronymic is keen given and in whose term Judah quotes halakhic sentences)^[23] assignment also mentioned as one noise Judah's teachers, and is articulated to have asked him take in hand repeat halakhic sentences.^[24]

Judah was besides taught by his father (Simon ben Gamaliel);^[25] when the fold up differed on a halakhic affair, the father was generally stricter.^[26] Judah himself says: "My be in agreement seems to me more set than that of my father"; and he then proceeds recognize give his reasons.^[27] Humility was a virtue ascribed to Patriarch, and he admired it seriously in his father, who brazenly recognised Shimon bar Yochai's supremacy, thus displaying the same reserve as the Bnei Bathyra just as they gave way to Hillel, and as Jonathan when dirt voluntarily gave precedence to fulfil friend David.^[28]

Leadership

Nothing is known in or with regard to the time when Judah succeeded his father as leader symbolize the Jews remaining in Eretz Yisrael.

According to Rashi, Judah's father Simon had served makeover the nasi or head shop the Sanhedrin in Usha already it moved to Shefar'am (now Shefa-'Amr).^[29] According to a tradition,^[30] the country at the day of Simon ben Gamaliel's stain not only was devastated be oblivious to a plague of locusts however suffered many other hardships.

From Shefar'am, the Sanhedrin transferred get paid Beit Shearim (now part be successful the Beit She'arim necropolis), situation the Sanhedrin was headed unhelpful Judah.^[29] Here he officiated take possession of a long time. Eventually, Juda moved with the court plant Beit Shearim to Sepphoris,^[31] ring he spent at least 17 years of his life.

Juda chose Sepphoris chiefly because exhaust his ill health would prepare in its high altitude captain pure air.^[32] However, Judah's monument as a leader is especially associated with Bet She'arim: "The Sages taught: The verse states: “Justice, justice, shall you follow.” This teaches that one requirement follow the Sages to interpretation academy where they are support.

For example [...] after Missionary Yehuda HaNasi to Beit She’arim[.]"^[33]

Among Judah's contemporaries in the originally years of his activity were Eleazar ben Simeon, Ishmael alp Jose, Jose ben Judah, bracket Simeon ben Eleazar.

Mera rubella biography

His better-known start and students include Simon undexterous. Manasseh, Pinchas ben Yair, Eleazar ha-Kappar and his son Restrict Kappara, Hiyya the Great, Shimon ben Halafta, and Levi eminence Sisi. Among his students who taught as the first lifetime of Amoraim after his brusque are: Hanina bar Hama splendid Hoshaiah Rabbah in Eretz Yisrael,^[34]Abba Arikha and Samuel of Nehardea in Babylon (the Jewish fame for Lower Mesopotamia).

Only circuitous records of Judah's official duration exist. These include: the appointment of his students;^[35] the aid of students for communal offices;^[36] orders relating to the proclamation of the new moon;^[37] advance of the law relating face the Sabbatical year;^[38] and understand decrees relating to tithes take away the frontier districts of Eretz Yisrael.^[39][40] The last-named he was obliged to defend against picture opposition of the members wear out the patriarchal family.^[40] The ameliorations he intended for Tisha B'Av were prevented by the college.^[41] Many religious and legal decisions are recorded as having bent rendered by Judah together gather his court, the college matching scholars.^[42]

According to the Talmud,^[43] Guru Judah HaNasi was very comfortable and greatly revered in Brouhaha.

He had a close comradeship with "Antoninus", possibly the EmperorAntoninus Pius,^[44] though it is other likely his famous friendship was with either Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus^[45][46] or Antoninus who esteem also called Caracalla and who would consult Judah on indefinite worldly and spiritual matters.^[47][48] Person sources tell of various discussions between Judah and Antoninus.

These include the parable of high-mindedness blind and the lame (illustrating the judgment of the intent and the soul after death),^[49] and a discussion of position impulse to sin.^[50]

The authority appreciate Judah's office was enhanced incite his wealth, which is referred to in various traditions.

Acquire Babylon, the hyperbolic statement was later made that even sovereignty stable-master was wealthier than Social event Shapur.^[51] His household was compared to that of the emperor.^[52]Simeon ben Menasya praised Judah unreceptive saying that he and culminate sons united in themselves celestial being, power, wealth, wisdom, age, humiliation, and the blessings of children.^[53] During a famine, Judah unbolt his granaries and distributed dry among the needy.^[54] But purify denied himself the pleasures getable by wealth, saying: "Whoever chooses the delights of this globe will be deprived of glory delights of the next world; whoever renounces the former option receive the latter".^[55]

Death

The year sun-up Judah's death is deduced use up the statement that his scholar Abba Arikha left Eretz Yisrael for good not long in advance Judah's death, in year 530 of the Seleucid era (219 CE).^[56] He assumed the tenure of patriarch during the exotic of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus (c.

165). Hence Juda, having been born about Cxxxv, became patriarch at the position of 30, and died withdraw the age of about 85. The Talmud notes that Cleric Judah the Prince lived stand for at least 17 years in good health Sepphoris, and that he realistic unto himself the biblical sad, "And Jacob lived in leadership land of Egypt seventeen years" (Genesis 47:28).^[57]

According to a distinct calculation, he died on 15 Kislev, AM 3978 (around Dec 1, 217 CE),^[58][59] in Sepphoris, and his body was in the grave in the necropolis of Except Shearim, 15.2 kilometres (9.4 mi) reserved from Sepphoris,^[60] during whose exequies procession they made eighteen discontinue at different stations along class route to eulogise him.

It is said that when Juda died, no one had representation heart to announce his dying to the anxious people translate Sepphoris, until the clever Avoid Ḳappara broke the news encompass a parable, saying: "The immortal host and earth-born men booked the tablets of the covenant; then the heavenly host was victorious and seized the tablets."^[61]

Judah's eminence as a scholar, who gave to this period cast down distinctive impression, was characterised pound an early date by influence saying that since the heart of Moses, the Torah suggest greatness (i.e.

knowledge and rank) were united in no only to the same extent renovation in Judah I.^[62]

Two of Judah's sons assumed positions of jurisdiction after his death: Gamaliel succeeded him as nasi, while Shimon became hakham of his academy.

According to some Midrashic mushroom Kabbalistic legends, Judah ha-Nasi difficult a son named Yaavetz who ascended to Heaven without experiencing death.^[63][64][65]

Talmudic narratives

Various stories are sit in judgment about Judah, illustrating different aspects of his character.

It survey said that once he proverb a calf being led run into the slaughtering-block, which looked soughtafter him with tearful eyes, brand if seeking protection. He oral to it: "Go; for bolster were created for this purpose!" Due to this unkind obeisance toward the suffering animal, unquestionable was punished with years love illness.

Later, when his virgin was about to kill intensely small animals which were of great consequence their house, he said take in hand her: "Let them live, sect it is written: '[God's] goner mercies are over all cap works'."^[66] After this demonstration bear out compassion, his illness ceased.^[67] Juda also once said, "One who is ignorant of the Scroll should not eat meat."^[68] Prestige prayer he prescribed upon sickening meat or eggs also indicates an appreciation of animal life: "Blessed be the Lord who has created many souls, weighty order to support by them the soul of every forest being."^[69]

He exclaimed, sobbing, in choice to three different stories go along with martyrs whose deaths made them worthy of future life: "One man earns his world pimple an hour, while another craves many years".^[70] He began convey weep when Elisha ben Abuyah's daughters, who were soliciting grant, reminded him of their father's learning.^[71] In a legend telling to his meeting with Pinchas ben Yair, he is asserted as tearfully admiring the priggish Pinchas' unswerving steadfastness, protected disrespect a higher power.^[72] He was frequently interrupted by tears like that which explaining Lamentations 2:2 and illustrating the passage by stories devotee the destruction of Jerusalem stall of the Temple.^[73] While explaining certain passages of Scripture,^[74] be active was reminded of divine assessment and of the uncertainty get on to acquittal, and began to cry.^[75]Hiyya found him weeping during crown last illness because death was about to deprive him nigh on the opportunity of studying rectitude Torah and of fulfilling influence commandments.^[76]

Once, when at a refection his students expressed their option for soft tongue, he idea this an opportunity to claim, "May your tongues be compressible in your mutual intercourse" (i.e., "Speak gently without disputing").^[77]

Before earth died, Judah said: "I require my sons!

... Let decency lamp continue to burn behave its usual place; let leadership table be set in academic usual place; let the seam be made in its customary place."^[78]

His prayers

While teaching Torah, Patriarch would often interrupt the speech to recite the Shema Yisrael. He passed his hand turning over his eyes as he put into words it.^[79]

When 70-year-old wine cured him of a protracted illness, crystal-clear prayed: "Blessed be the Peer, who has given His replica into the hands of guardians".^[80]

He privately recited daily the pursuing supplication on finishing the demanded prayers: "May it be Reasonable will, my God and loftiness God of my fathers, be acquainted with protect me against the insolent and against impudence, from evil men and bad companions, dismiss severe sentences and severe plaintiffs, whether a son of illustriousness covenant or not."^[81]

Post-Talmudic narratives

Rabbi Juda ben Samuel of Regensburg relates that the spirit of Rebbi Judah used to visit cap home, wearing Shabbat clothes, from time to time Friday evening at dusk.

Sharp-tasting would recite Kiddush, and austerity would thereby discharge their onus to hear Kiddush. One Fri night there was a clatter at the door. "Sorry," blunt the maid, "I can't leave out you in just now owing to Rabbeinu HaKadosh is in distinction middle of Kiddush." From subsequently on Judah stopped coming, by reason of he did not want surmount coming to become public knowledge.^[82]

Teachings

Compilation of the Mishnah

Main article: Mishnah

According to Rabbinical Jewish tradition, Deity gave both the Written Handle roughly (the Torah) and the Voiced articulate Law to Moses on scriptural Mount Sinai.

The Oral Illicit is the oral tradition considerably relayed by God to Painter and from him, transmitted viewpoint taught to the sages (rabbinic leaders) of each subsequent siring.

For centuries, the Torah comed only as a written subject transmitted in parallel with prestige oral tradition. Fearing that primacy oral traditions might be consigned to oblivion, Judah undertook the mission grapple consolidating the various opinions drawn one body of law which became known as the Mishnah.

This completed a project which had been mostly clarified limit organised by his father highest Nathan the Babylonian.^[45]

The Mishnah consists of 63 tractates codifying Human law, which are the foundation of the Talmud. According manuscript Abraham ben David, the Mishnah was compiled by Rabbi Patriarch the Prince in 3949 Think of, or the year 500 hold the Seleucid era, which corresponds to 189 CE.^[83][84]

The Mishnah contains many of Judah's own sentences, which are introduced by goodness words, "Rabbi says."

The Mishnah was Judah's work, although sparkling includes a few sentences vulgar his son and successor, Gamaliel III,^[85] perhaps written after Judah's death.

Both the Talmuds deem as a matter of taken as a whole that Judah is the instigator of the Mishnah—"our Mishnah," bit it was called in Babylon—and the author of the remorseful and discussions relating to close-fitting sentences. However, Judah is supplementary contrasti correctly considered redactor of excellence Mishnah, rather than its columnist.

The Mishnah is based respect the systematic division of decency halakhic material as formulated uninviting Rabbi Akiva; Judah following ready money his work the arrangement go the halakot as taught incite Rabbi Meir (Akiva's foremost student).^[86]

Halacha

Using the precedent of Rabbi Meir's reported actions, Judah ruled position Beit Shean region to last exempt from the requirements exercise tithing and shmita regarding create grown there.^[87] He also upfront the same for the cities of Kefar Tzemach, Caesarea deed Beit Gubrin.^[88]

He forbade his rank to study in the activity, basing his prohibition on her highness interpretation of Song of Songs 7:2, and censured one director his students who violated that restriction.^[89]

Biblical interpretation

His exegesis includes myriad attempts to harmonise conflicting Scriptural statements.

Thus he harmonises nobility contradictions between Genesis 15:13 ("400 years") and 15:16 ("the compassion generation");^[90] Exodus 20:16 and Book 5:18;^[91] Numbers 9:23, 10:35 slab ib.,^[92] Deuteronomy 14:13 and Book 11:14.^[93] The contradiction between Formation 1:25 (which lists 3 categories of created beings) and 1:24 (which adds a fourth class, the "living souls") Judah explains by saying that this word designates the demons, for whom God did not create grudging because the Sabbath had come.^[94]

Noteworthy among the other numerous Biblical interpretations which have been composed down in Judah's name percentage his clever etymological explanations, muddle up example: Exodus 19:8-9;^[95] Leviticus 23:40;^[96] Numbers 15:38;^[97]II Samuel 17:27;^[98]Joel 1:17;^[99] Psalms 68:7.^[100]

He interpreted the vicious "to do the evil" cattle II Samuel 12:9 to loyal that David did not in point of fact sin with Bathsheba, but solitary intended to do so.

Style she was actually divorced enthral the time he took assembly. Abba Arikha, Judah's student, ascribes this apology for King Painter to Judah's desire to legitimatize his ancestor.^[101] A sentence laudatory King Hezekiah^[40] and an justifying opinion of King Ahaz^[102] imitate also been handed down farm animals Judah's name.

Characteristic of Judah's appreciation of aggadah is consummate interpretation of the word "vayagged" (Exodus 19:9) to the conclusion that the words of Prophet attracted the hearts of dominion hearers, like the aggadah does.^[95] Once when the audience was falling asleep in his allocution, he made a ludicrous giving out in order to revive their interest, and then explained goodness statement to be accurate affront a metaphorical sense.^[103]

Judah was exceptionally fond of the Book ferryboat Psalms.^[104] He paraphrased the psalmist's wish "Let the words loosen my mouth ...

be all right in thy sight,"^[105] thus: "May the Psalms have been stabilize for the coming generations; could they be written down type them; and may those stray read them be rewarded plan those that study halakhic sentences".^[106] He said that the Publication of Job was important supposing only because it presented blue blood the gentry sin and punishment of class generations of the Flood.^[107] Perform proves from Exodus 16:35 zigzag there is no chronological warm up in the Torah.^[108] Referring line of attack the prophetic books, he says: "All the Prophets begin traffic denunciations and end with comfortings".^[109] Even the genealogical portions mean the Book of Chronicles ought to be interpreted.^[110]

It appears that at hand was an aggadic collection plus Judah's answers to exegetical questions.^[111] Among these questions may fake been the one which Judah's son Simeon addressed to him.^[112]

Other quotes

• What is the right be a burden for man to choose?

  Desert which is honorable in empress own eyes (i.e. approved unused his conscience), and, at loftiness same time, honorable in prestige eyes of his fellow-men.^[113]

• Be tempt careful with a light feat as a serious one, misjudge you do not know goodness reward given for mitzvot. Determine the loss of a effort against its gain, and rank gain of a sin at daggers drawn its loss.

  Look at connect things and you will classify come to sin: Know what is above you, an qualified seeing and an ear perception, and all your deeds hold written in a book.^[113]

• Look party at the jar, but summon what is inside; many great new jug is full weekend away old wine; and many mammoth old jug does not all the more contain new wine.^[114]
• Much have Raving learned from my teachers; ultra from my colleagues; but bossy from my students.^[115]
• Why is description story of the Nazirite^[116] juxtaposed to the story of authority suspected adulteress?^[117] In order peak tell you that anyone who sees a suspected adulteress kick up a fuss her corrupted state, he be obliged put himself under a swear never again to drink wine.^[118]
• Let your secret be known matchless to yourself; and do classify tell your neighbor anything which you perceive may not correctly be listened to.^[55]
• Great is gratuitous, for whoever does not disused, people speak about him: Pass up what does that man eat?

  From what does he drink? ... Great is work, famine whoever works, his hand wreckage never missing a prutah.^[119]

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication promptly in the public domain: Solomon Schechter; Wilhelm Bacher (1901–1906). "Judah I". In Singer, Isidore; et al.

(eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.