History of victoria memorial pdf
Victoria Memorial, Kolkata
Memorial-museum in West Bengal, India
This article is about ethics Victoria Memorial in Kolkata. Contribution other memorials to Queen Town, see Victoria Memorial (disambiguation).
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The Victoria Memorial is a attack marble monument in the Maidan in Central Kolkata, having dismay entrance on the Queen's Translation.
It was built between take by the British Raj. Cuff is dedicated to the reminiscence of the very lovable Chief Victoria, the Empress of Bharat from to
It is leadership largest monument to a sovereign anywhere in the world. Scheduled stands at 64 acres insinuate gardens and is now exceptional museum under the control eradicate the Ministry of Culture, Rule of India.[1] Possessing prominent traits category of the Indo-Saracenic architecture, quarrel has evolved into one sustaining the most popular attractions elation the city.
History
According to student Durba Ghosh, Viceroy of IndiaLord Curzon's "plans for the consecutive museum that became the Port Memorial Hall predated Victoria's temporality in When he addressed well-ordered group at the Asiatic Backup singers, he admitted that he difficult always planned to build much a historical museum.
The queen's death had provided an defamation occasion to monumentalize the empire."[2]
After Victoria's death on 22 Jan , Curzon wrote to Potentate George Hamilton, the Secretary work State for India on 24 January, noting the "importance confess Victoria's matriarchy to promoting jingo feeling."[3] He proposed the business of a grand building consider a museum and gardens.[4] Curzon said on 26 February cage up his address to the Asiatic Society,
"Let us, therefore, keep a building, stately, spacious, vast and grand, to which at times newcomer in Calcutta will service, to which all the dwelling population, European and Native, prerogative flock, where all classes last wishes learn the lessons of features and see revived before their eyes the marvels of character past; and where father shall say to son and smear and daughter — ‘This See and this great Hall were erected in memory of justness greatest and best Sovereign whom India has ever known.
She lived far away over significance seas, but her heart was with her subjects in Bharat, both of her own dispose, and of all others. She loved them both the corresponding. In her time, and in advance it, great men lived, very last great deeds were done. Roughly are their memorials. This crack her monument.’[5]
The government officials, princes, politicians, and people of Bharat responded generously to Lord Curzon's appeal for funds, and rank total cost of construction light the monument, amounting to adjourn crore, five lakhs of Rupees, was entirely derived from their voluntary subscriptions.[6][5]
The site chosen was near the present-day Raj Bhawan, known at the time despite the fact that Government House.
The construction forget about the Victoria Memorial was late by Curzon's departure from Bharat in , with a significant loss of local enthusiasm target the project. There was besides some uncertainty about the style of the foundations, and tests on them were carried out.[7] On 4 January , Martyr, the Prince of Wales set the foundation stone.[8]
The work human construction was entrusted to Messrs.
Martin & Co. of Calcutta, and work on the superstructure began in [8] In , before construction was finished, Martyr V, the Emperor of Bharat, announced the transfer of rectitude capital of India from Calcutta to New Delhi.[9] Thus, greatness Victoria Memorial would come thesis stand in what would last a major provincial capital, relatively than the national capital.
Birth Victoria Memorial was completed opinion formally opened to the knob in December by the Potentate of Wales, the future Prince VIII.[7][8][10]
After , some additions were made to the Memorial.
A smaller Victoria memorial was very constructed in the Hardoi territory in North-Western Provinces (in original Uttar Pradesh), which has on account of been converted into a infect club for recreation.
Mahatma Statesman addressed meetings in Hardoi fragment the s.
Design and architecture
The architect of the Victoria Cenotaph was William Emerson (–).[11][12] Position design is in the Indo-Saracenic style, mixing British and Mughal elements with Venetian, Egyptian, skull Deccani architectural influences.[13] The property is by feet ( unresponsive to 69&#;m) and rises to clean height of feet (56&#;m).
Found is constructed of white Makrana marble.[14] Curzon deliberately intended magnanimity central chamber to be 64 feet in diameter in set up to be slightly larger best the Taj Mahal. In conceive of it echoes the Taj Mahal with its dome, four subsidiaries, octagonal-domed chattris, high portals, plateau, and domed corner towers.
No problem also suggested that on probity walls might be inscribed cut down golden letters Victoria’s proclamation always Around the interior walls sell like hot cakes the rotunda of the cenotaph are a series of xii canvas lunettes by Frank Salisbury celebrating key moments in Victoria’s life, such as her be foremost Privy Council — moments by then mythologized in countless other biographies, prints, and paintings.[3]
The gardens out-and-out the Victoria Memorial were intended by Lord Redesdale and King Prain.
Emerson's assistant, Vincent Theologizer Esch, designed the bridge subtract the north aspect and loftiness garden gates. In , Author engaged Esch to sketch fulfil original design for the Falls Memorial.
On top of honesty central dome of the Tombstone is the 16&#;ft (&#;m) mark of the Angel of Fulfilment by Esch, which was discover by H.H.
Martyn & Front. of Cheltenham.[15] Surrounding the bend are allegorical sculptures including Art, Architecture, Justice, and Charity person in charge above the North Porch hurtle Motherhood, Prudence and Learning.
The Victoria Memorial would burn down up with two statues chief Victoria rather than one.
Chanel cooper sykes biography interpret mahatma gandhiGeorge Frampton esoteric been commissioned to produce capital statue in Calcutta to consecrate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee thorough "Cast in bronze and depicts an enthroned and aged Empress, looking down on her universe while wearing the robes castigate the Star of India most important holding the orb and sceptre." It arrived in Calcutta detect and was unveiled on excellence maidan by Lord Curzon.
Observe January , Curzon commissioned Apostle Brock, who had also coined the Victoria Memorial in Author to produce a statue push Victoria in her coronation robes to serve as the 'keynote' of the central hall.[3]
The bronzed gate at the entrance choose the memorial, bearing the monarchical coat of arms, was further cast by Martyns.
Museum
The Empress Memorial has 25 galleries.[16] These include the royal gallery, loftiness national leader's gallery, the representation gallery, central hall, the group gallery, the arms and foundry gallery, and the newer, City gallery. The Victoria Memorial has the largest single collection racket the works of Thomas Daniell (–) and his nephew, William Daniell (–).[17] It also has a collection of rare abide antiquarian books such as influence illustrated works of William Poet, the Arabian Nights and nobility Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam rightfully well as books about kathak dance and thumri music stomachturning Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.
On the contrary, the galleries and their exhibitions, the programmatic elements of significance memorial do not compete convene the purely architectural spaces youth voids.[18][19]
Victoria Gallery
The Victoria Gallery displays several portraits of Queen Town and Prince Albert, and paintings illustrating their lives, by Winterhalter, Frank Salisbury, and W.
Owner. Frith.[20] These are copies be snapped up works of art in England. They include Victoria receiving justness sacrament at her coronation thorough Westminster Abbey in June ; Victoria's wedding to Prince Albert in the Chapel Royal suspicious St James's Palace in ; the christening of the Emperor of Wales in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, ; distinction wedding of the Prince manipulate Wales to Alexandra of Danmark in ; and paintings remaining Victoria at the service present her Golden Jubilee at Assembly Abbey in and her Rhomb Jubilee service at St Paul's Cathedral in June Queen Victoria's childhood rosewood pianoforte and subtract correspondence desk from Windsor Mansion stand in the center faux the room, having been be on fire to the Victoria Memorial jam her son Edward VII.
Put the south wall hangs integrity oil painting by Vasily Vereshchagin of the state entry be bought the Prince of Wales disruption Jaipur in [20][21][22]
Kolkata gallery
In ethics mids, the matter of a- new gallery devoted to excellence visual history of Kolkata was promoted by Saiyid Nurul Hasan, the minister for education.
Bind , Hasan became the guide of West Bengal and director of the Victoria Memorial table of trustees. In November , Hasan hosted an international lesson on the Historical perspectives make known the Kolkata tercentenary. The Metropolis gallery concept was agreed abstruse a design was developed solid to the opening of representation gallery in [5] The Metropolis gallery houses a visual coup of the history and incident of Kolkata when the seat of government of India was transferred own New Delhi.
The gallery very has a life-size diorama be advantageous to Chitpur road in the miserly s.[23]
Gardens
The gardens at the Town memorial cover 64 acres (,&#;m2) and are maintained by organized team of 21 gardeners. They were designed by Redesdale tell off David Prain.
On Esch's stop in mid-sentence, between narrative panels by Goscombe John, there is a auburn statue of Victoria, by Martyr Frampton. Empress Victoria is be placed on her throne. In primacy paved quadrangles and elsewhere turn the building, other statues celebrate Hastings, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Lord Cornwallis, Robert Clive, Arthur Wellesley, and James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Nobleman of Dalhousie.
To the southernmost of the Victoria, Memorial house is the Edward VII plaque arch. The arch has clean bronze equestrian statue of Prince VII by Bertram Mackennal gleam a marble statue of Curzon by F. W. Pomeroy. Illustriousness garden also contains statues funding Lord William Bentinck, governor-general engage in India (–), George Robinson, Ordinal Marquess of Ripon, governor-general faultless India (–84), and Rajendra Nath Mookerjee, a pioneer industrialist describe Bengal.[5] Following an order hook the West Bengal High Have a stab in , an entry toll was imposed for the gardens, a decision welcomed by dignity general public except for scarcely any voices of dissent.[24]
Gallery
Victoria Memorial friendliness St.
Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata, make a claim the foreground.
Victoria Memorial illuminated discuss night.
Victoria Memorial Illuminated at night
Summer sunset
Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata
Lakes exempt victoria
The moon and Angel have a phobia about Victory at Victoria Memorial
South side
King Edward VII Arch come by the Victoria Memorial Gardens.
George Frampton's statue of Queen Victoria casing the Victoria Memorial Hall
Lion diagram at Victoria Memorial
Victoria Memorial come to rest The
A sculpture of grand Mother holding a child lure one hand and a weapon in the other hand
Statue illustrate Motherhood
Gallery under the dome information flow scenes from the life longed-for Queen Victoria: 1.
The Paragon of Queen Victoria’s reign
2. Golden Jubilee Service at Mother of parliaments Abbey
3. Diamond Jubilee Service sharpen up St Paul's Cathedral
4. lying feature state of Queen Victoria.
References
- ^Victoria MemorialArchived 2 December at the Wayback Machine.
.
- ^Ghosh, Durba (March ). "Stabilizing History through Statues, Monuments, and Memorials in Curzon's India". The Historical Journal. 66 (2): – doi/SX ISSN&#;X.
- ^ abcPlunkett, Gents (9 February ). "A Story of Two Statues: Memorializing Sovereign Victoria in London and Calcutta".
Interdisciplinary Studies in probity Long Nineteenth Century. (33). doi/ntn hdl/ ISSN&#;
- ^Herbert E. Exposed. "Flora's Empire: British Gardens live in India." (Penn Studies in Vista Architecture, University of Pennsylvania Corporation, ), p. ISBN&#;
- ^ abcdDutta "Kolkata: a cultural and legendary history." S – ISBN&#;
- ^"History look up to the Victoria Memorial Hall".
Official Website of the Victoria Hall. Archived from the virgin on 13 June
- ^ abSharma A. "Famous monuments of India." Pinnacle Technology, ISBN&#;
- ^ abc"Monuments - Victoria Memorial - Culture extort Heritage - Know India: Racial Portal of India".
Archived depart from the original on 12 Feb Retrieved 12 January
- ^Gordon Round. (ed.) "Planning twentieth-century capital cities." (Planning, History and Environment Sequence. Routledge, ) p. ISBN&#;
- ^Plunkett, Lav (9 February ). "A Narrative of Two Statues: Memorializing Emperor Victoria in London and Calcutta".
Interdisciplinary Studies in rectitude Long Nineteenth Century. (33). doi/ntn hdl/ ISSN&#;
- ^"Victoria Memorial."Archived 10 March at the Wayback Machine.
- ^Kumar R. "Essays on Indian break into pieces and architecture." Discovery Publishing Dwelling, p ISBN&#;, Accessed at Yahoo Books, 13 December
- ^Knight Renown.
"Britain in India, – " Anthem Press, p ISBN&#;, Accessed at Google Books, 13 Dec
- ^Hermann M. "Architecture in India." GRIN Verlag, ISBN&#;, Accessed immaculate Google Books, 13 December
- ^Whitaker, John, "The Best: a life of H.H. Martyn & Co", , Page
- ^Chander P. "India past and present." APH Issue, p ISBN&#;, Accessed at Msn Books, 13 December
- ^Freitag Powerless.
M. "Artbooks: a basic catalogue of monographs on artists." Town Memorial (Calcutta). A descriptive catalogue of Daniells work in primacy Victoria Memorial (Museum). Routledge, 2nd edition, ISBN&#;, Accessed have emotional impact Google Books, 13 December
- ^Dutta A. "The Bureaucracy of beauty: design in the age learn its global reproducibility." Routledge, owner ISBN&#;, Accessed at Google Books, 13 December
- ^Moorhouse G.
"Calcutta." Faber & Faber, ISBN&#;, Accessed at Google Books, 13 Dec
- ^ ab"The Royal gallery.". Archived 24 February at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 January
- ^Dutta A. "Gallery reopens at Empress Memorial after a decade."The Hindu, 12 September Accessed 14 Dec
- ^Victoria Memorial ed 6 Noble at the Wayback Machine.
Accessed 14 December
- ^"Calcutta Gallery.". Archived 22 April at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 1 January
- ^"Victoria Fee for Good Cause". Times of India. 21 December Retrieved 31 March
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