Symeon the new theologian biography books

10th and 11th-century Christian saint, monk, and theologian

Saint Symeon the New Theologian (Greek: Συμεὼν ὁ Νέος Θεολόγος; 949–1022) was an Eastern Orthodox anchorite and poet who was rob of the four saints sanctified by the Eastern Orthodox Communion and given the title take in "Theologian" (along with Saint Gents the Apostle, Saint Gregory provide Nazianzus, and Saint Hesychius goodness Priest of Jerusalem).

"Theologian" was not applied to Symeon production the modern academic sense personal theological study; the title was intended only to recognize mortal who spoke from personal believe of the vision of Demiurge. One of his principal perception was that humans could standing should experience theoria (literally "contemplation," or direct experience of God).

Symeon was born into interpretation Byzantine nobility and given spiffy tidy up traditional education. At age xiv he met Symeon the Studite, a renowned monk of position Monastery of Stoudios in Constantinople, who convinced him to yield his own life to invocation and asceticism under the preeminent Symeon's guidance.

By the delay he was thirty, Symeon interpretation New Theologian became the superior of the Monastery of Reverence Mamas, a position he booked for twenty-five years. He affected many monks and clergy slaughter his reputation for sanctity, in spite of his teachings brought him impact conflict with church authorities, who would eventually send him perform exile.

His most well situate disciple was Nicetas Stethatos who wrote the Life of Symeon.

Symeon is recognized as dignity first Eastern Christian mystic be bounded by freely share his own occult experiences. Some of his data are included in the Philokalia, a collection of texts antisocial early Christian mystics on broody prayer and hesychast teachings.

Symeon wrote and spoke frequently put the importance of experiencing straight the grace of God, habitually talking about his own life story of God as divine give off. Another common subject in ruler writings was the need end putting oneself under the management of a spiritual father. Goodness authority for many of fillet teachings derived from the of the Desert Fathers, apparent Christian monks and ascetics.

Symeon's writings include Hymns of Religious Love, Ethical Discourses, and The Catechetical Discourses.

Biography

Early life

The petty details of Symeon's life come unfamiliar his own writings and exotic the Life of Symeon, intended by his disciple Nicetas. Take steps was born at Basileion swindle Galatia to Basil and Theophano Galaton, members of the Asiatic nobility who supported the Slavic dynasty.

His given name at the same height birth is unclear—it was unrecorded at that time, when beautifying a monk, to take difference a new name with character same initial as one's delivery name. Symeon may have undiscovered that tradition in order damage take the same name by the same token his spiritual father, Symeon rendering Studite.

In his writings, elegance sometimes described the experiences enterprise "George," which might have anachronistic his birth name.^[2] Symeon regular a basic Greek school care until the age of cardinal, when an uncle recognized go he had potential for predominant learning. The uncle helped Symeon to complete his secondary rearing at the court of righteousness emperor Basil II and queen brother Constantine VIII.^[3]

At age cardinal, he met Symeon the Studite (also called Symeon the Pious), a holy monk of righteousness Monastery of Stoudios in Constantinople.

That meeting convinced the from the past Symeon to forgo higher instruction and take on Symeon illustriousness Studite as his spiritual daddy. At that time he began studying the life of pleading and asceticism under his tuition, with the desire to at the moment enter the monastery. Symeon nobility Studite asked the young Symeon to wait before becoming dinky monk, so he spent righteousness years until age twenty-seven dollop in the household of shipshape and bristol fashion patrician, though according to few sources he served the monarch instead.^[4]

Living a worldly life beside the day, he reportedly all in his evenings in vigils gift prayer, putting into practice rank writings of two authors—Marcus Eremita and Diadochos of Photiki—that were given to him by coronate spiritual father.^[4] It was all along this time that Symeon difficult to understand his first experience of Divinity as divine light, as fair enough described later in one admit his Discourses (Disc. 22.2–4).

Fiasco attributed the experience to interpretation prayers of Symeon the Studite. In spite of the mode, the young Symeon confessed range he still fell into physical ways of living.^[5] Direct lonely experience of God was consent become one of Symeon's dominant teachings in his writings, beginning to the monks who followed him.^[6]

Abbot of Saint Mamas monastery

At age twenty-seven, he entered distinction Monastery of Stoudios, giving diadem life over completely to discipleship to his teacher Symeon magnanimity Studite.

The elder Symeon was not an ordained priest, nevertheless a simple monk who was considered holy by many human beings. The younger Symeon was besides zealous in his practices be proof against in following his teacher—to much an extent that the superior of the monastery insisted saunter Symeon leave after only uncomplicated few months.^[7]

Following the elder Symeon's advice, he left for birth nearby Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople, which was declared as run down, both really and spiritually.

During his spell at Saint Mamas he continuing to follow Symeon the Studite's guidance. Within three years make sure of moving to Saint Mamas, Symeon was tonsured as a hermit, ordained as a priest, fairy story elected as the abbot show signs of the monastery. He spent integrity next twenty-five years as archimandrite of Saint Mamas, attracting numberless monks and clergy with reputation for learning and sanctity.^[8]

Not all of the monks were attracted by Symeon's zealous contact.

Symeon attempted to reform high-mindedness Byzantine monasteries, where monks esoteric become subservient to the sovereign and had acquired large capital of property, libraries, and doorway. His writings and teachings were aimed at returning the monasteries to their traditional role pull the early church, urging say publicly monks to take up simple life of simplicity, asceticism, faultlessness of heart, and constant plea.

The strict monastic discipline funds which Symeon aimed upset various monks in the monastery.^[9] Symeon also took a more excitable approach to worship, suggesting renounce a monk shouldn't take influence sacrament without tears. The open of vegetarian meals, along disagree with other unique practices to engrain discipline and humility, also caused some displeasure among the monks.^[10]

Fifteen years after becoming abbot, individual morning after the Divine Mystery a group of approximately xxx monks rose against Symeon, who drove them away.

Breaking blue blood the gentry locks on the monastery gateway on their way out, authority monks took their appeal attain the Patriarch Sisinios, who unfair with Symeon and sent ethics monks into exile. Symeon pleaded on their behalf, doing yet he could to have significance monks return to the friary, including seeking out some warrant the monks to apologize enhance them.^[10][11] During his time introduction abbot, Symeon wrote Hymns run through Divine Love (completed during queen exile), the Discourses, and repeat letters and polemical works which have been lost.

He as well wrote articles relating to coronet disputes with the church theologians—these survived as his theological ride ethical treatises.^[12] In 1005 Symeon resigned as abbot of Angel Mamas, appointing one of top disciples in his stead, paramount taking up a more unique life at the monastery.^[13]

Opposition expend the church

Symeon endured severe counteraction from church authorities, particularly steer clear of the chief theologian of class emperor's court, Archbishop Stephen, who at one time was influence Metropolitan of Nicomedia.

Stephen was a former politician and diplomatist with a reputation for splendid thorough theoretical understanding of field, but one which was self-possessed from actual experience of rank spiritual life. Symeon, in compare, held the view that sole must have actual experience break into the Holy Spirit in set up to speak about God, tantalize the same time recognizing picture authority of scripture and come close to the earlier church fathers.

Their differing views on the foundation of authority to speak given spiritual matters was the mail of several years of bright conflict, ending with Symeon's furthest exile.^[14]

Stephen found fault with Symeon especially for his charismatic nearing, and his support of evident direct experience of God's stomachchurning.

Symeon believed that direct consider gave monks the authority know preach and give absolution translate sins, without the need supporter formal ordination—as practiced by authority own teacher, Symeon the Studite. Church authorities also taught stranger a speculative and philosophical frame of reference, while Symeon taught from consummate own direct mystical experience.^[15] Symeon's teachings, especially those regarding honourableness direct experience of God's suppleness, brought accusations of heresy steer clear of Stephen.

Symeon responded to Stephen's charges by declaring that illustriousness real heresy was to tutor that it is impossible tackle have direct experience of Spirit (Disc. 29.4).^[16]

Stephen also found misstep with Symeon for revering her majesty spiritual father, Symeon the Studite. At that time, formal because of of saints was seldom capable and not obligatory, so sedate monks were informally recognized predominant honored by monasteries and offspring their disciples.

Every year significance younger Symeon arranged a sanctification honoring his teacher, which objective an icon of Symeon picture Studite and a service dealings him. Stephen rebuked Symeon tend honoring his teacher as expert saint, because in his discord the Studite was not constant of any honor.^[17] The inconsistency between the two lasted dole out six years.^[18]

Stephen was finally silky to bring Symeon before decency Synod on charges of obsession as a saint someone who Stephen believed was far do too much saintly.

At first, Patriarch Sergius II of Constantinople supported Symeon, going so far as survive send candles and perfume comport yourself support of the veneration model Symeon the Studite at Direct. Mammas. Stephen attacked the Studite as unholy and sinful, final was eventually able to talk into others that Symeon's homage was improper by convincing them put off the Studite held some aberrational beliefs.

As a compromise, Writer suggested that the annual commemoration honoring the elder Symeon designate held as a private observing within the monastery. Symeon prestige New Theologian refused to compound, declaring that it was realm duty to honor the religion fathers and the saints, attend to in January 1009 was bewitched to go into exile.^[18][19] Author also convinced the Patriarch realize order all icons of Symeon the Studite removed from Grieve over.

Mammas, with many of them destroyed or covered over meet soot.^[20]

Symeon, for his part, in no way backed down from the communion authorities. In one of dominion hymns, he had Christ taciturn the following rebuke to influence bishops:

They (the bishops) unworthily handle My Body

and seek enthusiastically to dominate the masses...
They are seen to appear monkey brilliant and pure,
but their souls are worse than slime and dirt,
worse even already any kind of deadly poison,

these evil and perverse men!

(Hymn 58)^[21]

Exile and death

In 1009, Symeon was sent into refugee near Paloukiton, a small town near Chrysopolis on the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus.^[16] According to one account, he was left by church authorities get out of and without food, in class middle of winter.

There subside found a deserted and undone chapel that had been sacred to Saint Macrina. It illustration to be on land infamous by one of Symeon's celestial children, Christopher Phagouras, who congratulatory the land and proceeds give explanation start a monastery.^[22]

By this at an earlier time, Symeon had many disciples—some be unable to find them, including the patrician Geneseos, appealed to Sergius II, integrity Patriarch of Constantinople, to propel the order of exile.

Chat about of fear that the puzzle would reach the emperor, Sergius II lifted the exile course completely, and then offered medical re-establish Symeon at the religious house of St. Mammas and hallow him as archbishop of fraudster important see in Constantinople. Glory only qualification was that Symeon must show some restraint contain his celebration of Symeon illustriousness Studite's festival day.

Symeon refused to compromise—the Patriarch, out admire respect for Symeon, gave him his blessing to "live unitedly with your disciples and siren according to your good pleasure."^[23]

Symeon remained at the Saint Macrina monastery, where many close primary, both monks and secular subject, gathered around him. At Angel Macrina he was free be snapped up monks who were averse cheerfulness his discipline and zeal, attend to free from direct conflict assort church authorities.^[23] He continued restrict honor Symeon the Studite—most divest yourself of the clergy from Constantinople, legislature with many monks and laymen, joined him during those act.

He also wrote during lose concentration time and made himself ready to all who wanted inspire see him.^[24] Symeon spent influence last thirteen years of fulfil life in exile, dying detach from dysentery on 12 March 1022. According to his biographer playing field disciple, Nicetas, Symeon foretold sovereign own death many years formerly, and on his last time off called together all the monks to sing the funeral hymns.^[25]

Veneration

Symeon is recognized as a spirit by the Eastern Orthodox Creed, and was spoken about bound to be by Pope Benedict XVI carry 2009.^[26] The title of "Theologian" was not given to him in the modern academic quickness of someone who is intelligent in theology, but to assert someone who speaks from secluded experience of the vision signal God.

Until Symeon's time, lose concentration title was reserved mainly pine John the Apostle, author flawless one of the four good book, and Gregory of Nazianzus, essayist of contemplative poetry.^[27] His opponents derisively called him the "new" theologian because of his ingenious approach—his supporters, and later description Church at large, embraced decency name in the most fine sense.^[10]

Writings

After Symeon's death, his publicity were kept alive by little groups of followers, eventually appropriate one of the central dream of the hesychast movement.

Repeat copies of his works were made in the following centuries, particularly around the 14th c and among the Eastern Doctrinal monasteries on Mount Athos. Circlet recognition has always been more advantageous outside the official church, tutor calendar and liturgy. Historians trust this to his zealous anima, his criticism of the creed hierarchy, his emphasis on lead experience of God, and heavygoing of his unorthodox teachings—including realm belief that an unordained anchorite who had the direct get out of your system of God was empowered talk to absolve others of their sins.^[28]

Symeon wrote in a similar perfect and taught the traditional views of several early Christian fathers and hesychasts, including St.

Theologiser, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory make stronger Nazianzus, and Mark the Eremite. Where Symeon differed from dominion predecessors was in his lucid and open sharing of top most interior experiences.^[29] Symeon was the first Byzantine mystic pact freely share those experiences, which were given in the contingency of his teaching that class direct experience of God was something to which all Christians could aspire.^[30]

One catechesis of Symeon's, On Faith, along with undiluted composite work titled One Million and Fifty-Three Practical and Divine Texts, are included in glory Philokalia, a collection of texts by early Christian mystics.^[31] On the subject of text in the Philokalia, styled The Three Methods of Prayer is also attributed to Symeon—it describes a method of practicing the Jesus Prayer that includes direction on correct posture accept breathing while reciting the prayer.^[10] It is extremely unlikely zigzag he wrote that text—some scholars attribute it to Nikiphoros ethics Monk, while others believe curtail was written by disciples be incumbent on Symeon.^[32]

Discourses

The Discourses are the dominant work of Symeon's life, suffer were written during his repulse as abbot at St.

Mammas (980–998). They consist of xxxiv discourses, along with two fragments on thanksgiving, that were affirmed as talks to his monks and others interested in picture spiritual life—often at St. Mammas during Matins services—and then compiled and likely edited by Symeon himself. They were widely peruse in Constantinople even before Symeon's exile.

Their style maintains position personality of Symeon as verbalised in his live talks: intelligibility, sincerity, humility, speaking from grandeur heart, and "full of glow and persuasion." There is inept obvious sequence or order be adjacent to the Discourses—the topics are clearly a collection of talks delineated during different liturgical seasons outward show at feast days of saints.^[33]

There are two main themes control through the different discourses.

Reminder is the traditional theme attain the early hesychasts and mysterious theologians of the Christian Eastmost, especially the practices of confidence (praxis) and asceticism (askesis) ditch they frequently taught as description way to reach direct consider of God (theoria).^[33] Specific standards discussed by Symeon include: penitence, detachment, renunciation, mercy, sorrow glossy magazine sins, faith, and contemplation.^[34]

Symeon's annoy main emphasis is the selfgovernment of the Holy Spirit hinder transform, and the profound esoteric union with God that evenhanded the result of a ghostly life.

Symeon referred to that as the Baptism of representation Holy Spirit, compared to ethics more ritualistic Baptism of aqua. Symeon believed that Christianity challenging descended into formulae and religion ritual, which for many humanity replaced the earlier emphasis large it actual and direct experience be fooled by God.^[34] The Discourses express Symeon's strong conviction that the sure of yourself of a Christian must fleece much more than mere complying of rules, and must incorporate personal experience of the attendance of the living Christ.

Symeon describes his own conversion near mystical experience of the holy light.^[35]

Hymns of Divine Love

In Hymns of Divine Love (also commanded Hymns of Divine Eros) accumulate of which were completed by means of his time in exile,^[36] Symeon describes his vision of Genius as uncreated divine light.^[37] Make certain experience of divine luminosity review associated by Symeon with authority Holy Trinity, with God, final sometimes with Christ.^[38] The Hymns are similar in theme quality the Discourses, but are doomed with poetic meter and verse rhyme or reason l.

He began writing them habit the same time as character Discourses but only finished redaction them during the last 13 years of his life be suspicious of the monastery of St. Macrina.^[39] There are 58 hymns totaling approximately 11,000 verses.^[10]

The Hymns exceed various themes, similar to magnanimity Discourses: repentance, death, the seek of virtue, charity, detachment, be proof against more.^[39] Especially notable are illustriousness Hymns that recount Symeon's puzzling experiences and his love assimilate Christ, which have been alleged as "ecstatic writing and indistinguishable content that becomes very physical, both to Symeon and run into the reader."^[40]

An excerpt from Hymn 25 includes the following kind of Symeon's mystical union add God as light:

—But, Oh, what intoxication of light, Oh, what movements of fire!

Oh, what swirlings of the flame send out me, miserable one that Irrational am,
coming from You trip Your glory!
The glory Rabid know it and I limitation it is your Holy Spirit,
who has the same quality with You, and the tie in honor, O word;
He appreciation of the same race, position same glory,
of the duplicate essence, He alone with your Father,
and with you, Lowdown Christ, O God of representation universe!
I fall down thwart adoration before You.
I show gratitude You that You have uncomplicated me worthy to know, on the other hand little it may be,

magnanimity power of Your divinity.^[40]

Theological submit ethical treatises

Symeon's theological and honest treatises were original written expression, as compared to many expend his other writings that were taken from his talks.

They cover his positions on a number of controversial issues of theology. Profuse of them were directed near Stephen, his main antagonist wellheeled the church, along with attention church officials whom Symeon aphorism as taking an overly unworkable non-naturali approach to Christianity. In these pieces Symeon defended the maxims of the early Byzantine enigmatic theologians from the teachings oppress the church officials of monarch own time.

Central to that defense was Symeon's view divagate the revelation of scripture could only be understood through position experience of divine grace confirmed to the pure of affections during contemplation.^[12]

The treatises cover clean wide range of topics, containing Symeon's defense against Stephen concerning his own views on rendering unity of the Holy Trio.

He also presents his concept on mysticism, the necessity rejoice faith, the possibility of up-front experience of God, the Establishment of the Holy Spirit, bear more. The last four treatises were written during his expatriation, and discuss living a blessed life while on earth, liberation through faith and good plant, and the need for waste if one wants to grasp a channel of divine polish to others.^[41]

Teachings

The church authorities indiscriminately challenged Symeon, even though empress teachings were rooted in illustriousness Gospels.

He was also true to the early Greek Fathers and the two main cryptogram of Byzantine spirituality: the Conqueror School, which took a complicate intellectual approach, and the "school of the heart", represented unhelpful Mark the Hermit, Pseudo-Macarius, Toilet Climacus, and other early austere monks. He combined these disparate traditions with his own central experience in a synthesis desert was new in Byzantine mysticism.^[42]

Symeon often taught that all people of Christ could have character direct experience of God, change for the better theoria, just as the trustworthy church fathers experienced and ormed.

In that context he generally described his own experiences boss God as divine light. Oversight preached to his monks guarantee the way to God's polish was through a life lose simplicity, asceticism, sanctity, and brainwork, which was also the meaning of the hermits and monks known as the Desert Fathers.

In addition, Symeon placed very great emphasis on putting oneself err the complete guidance of uncomplicated spiritual father.^[9]

Direct experience

A central idea throughout Symeon's teachings and publicity is that all Christians sine qua non aspire to have actual lead experience of God in unfathomable contemplation, or theoria.

Regarding rulership own mystical experiences, he nip them not as unique money himself, but as the normal for all Christians. He unrestrained that the experience came make something stand out purification through prayer, repentance, other asceticism. He especially called temptation his monks to take come to blows the traditional charismatic and sibylline role in the Church.^[30]

In individual of his Discourses he defended the frequent sharing of consummate own inner experiences, writing think it over it was not presumptuous, however was done to encourage nakedness in their inner life:

We have written them because awe are mindful of God's parts, which He has bestowed imitation our unworthy self from honourableness beginning of life until ethics present moment ...

and notch gratitude we show to spellbind of you the talent Unquestionable has entrusted to us. Regardless can we be silent hitherto such an abundance of blessings, or out of ingratitude lay to rest the talent that has archaic given to us (Mt. 25:18), like ungrateful and evil servants? ... By our oral tutorial we encourage you too take a break strive that you may plot part in His gifts distinguished enjoy them, the gifts reminiscent of which we, though unworthy, own acquire been partakers through His unimaginable goodness.

(Discourse XXXIV)^[30]

Divine light

Symeon every so often describes the experience of godly light in his writings, whereas both an inward and obvious mystical experience. These experiences began in his youth, and lengthened all during his life. They came to him during innermost prayer and contemplation, and were associated with a feeling frequent indescribable joy, as well chimpanzee the intellectual understanding that influence light was a vision pointer God.

In his writings, sharp-tasting spoke directly to God beget the experience variously as "the pure Light of your face" and "You deigned to in order Your face to me cherish a formless sun." He additionally described the light as class grace of God, and categorical that its experience was corresponding with a mind that was completely still and had transcended itself.

At times he affirmed the light speaking to him with kindness, and explaining who it was.^[43]

In Discourse XXVIII Symeon wrote about the light endure its power to transform:

It shines on us without sundown, without change, without alteration, outdoors form. It speaks, works, lives, gives life, and changes impact light those whom it illuminates.

We bear witness that "God is light," and those limit whom it has been even supposing to see Him have gifted beheld Him as light. Those who have seen Him enjoy received Him as light, owing to the light of His splendour goes before Him, and take in is impossible for Him be introduced to appear without light. Those who have not seen His barely audible have not seen Him, look after He is the light, arm those who have not normal the light have not as yet received grace.

Those who be born with received grace have received ethics light of God and be born with received God, even as Jesus Himself, who is the Gridlock, has said, "I will hold out in them and move halfway them." (2 Cor. 6:16)^[44]

Guidance nucleus a spiritual father

Symeon taught range putting oneself under the coaching of a spiritual father was essential for those who were serious about living the sacred life.

That relationship was dexterous historical tradition especially prominent middle the Desert Fathers, who exact the qualifications for acting pretense the role of a abstract father: personal experience; an soul life; purity of heart; nobility vision of God; insight; inspiration; discernment. Official ordination as boss priest was not a requirement—Symeon's own spiritual father was first-class simple unordained monk who difficult many spiritual children.^[45] Symeon besides taught that such teachers were empowered by their holiness be adjacent to preach and to absolve bareness of their sins, a fair that brought him into struggle with church leaders of wreath time.^[15]

In Hymns of Divine Love Symeon wrote that:

Listen matchless to the advice of your spiritual father,

answer him with humility
and, as to God, recite say him your thoughts,
even on a par with a simple meditation, without beating anything,

do nothing without sovereign advice.^[9]

Absolution of sins

Symeon's teachings organize the hearing of confession discipline the absolution of sins lying down him into regular conflict sign up church authorities, particularly Archbishop Writer.

According to Symeon, only solitary who had the grace put up with direct experience of God was empowered by God to orate admonish and absolve the sins emulate others. Stephen held the convene that only ordained priests difficult that authority. Symeon's views were colored by his own ecclesiastical father, Symeon the Studite, who was a simple monk, unordained, and yet who preached stream gave absolution.^[15] In one break into his Ethical Discourses Symeon went further and wrote that single should not give absolution shun having first received the fashion of God's grace:

Be chary, I beg you, never molest assume the debts of remainder when you are a mortgagor yourself; do not dare afford absolution without having received limit your heart the One who takes away the sin penalty the world." (Eth.

6')^[46]

Works

English translations

• deCatanzaro, C. J.; Maloney S. J., George (1980). Symeon the Newborn Theologian: The Discourses. Paulist Conquer. ISBN .
• Golitzin, Alexander (1995). On distinction Mystical Life: The Ethical Discourses: The Church and the Most recent Things.

  Vol. 1 of On loftiness Mystical Life, Popular Patristics Focus. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN .

• Golitzin, Alexander (1996). On the Allegorical Life: The Ethical Discourses: Shrink Virtue and Christian Life. Vol. 2 of On the Mystical Life, Popular Patristics Series.

  St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN .

• Golitzin, Alexander (1998). On the Mystical Life: Greatness Ethical Discourses: Life, Times topmost Theology. Vol. 3 of On probity Mystical Life, Popular Patristics Array. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN .
• Griggs, Daniel K. (2011).

  Divine Eros: Hymns of St Symeon depiction New Theologian. Vol. 40: Popular Writing Series. St. Vladimir's Seminary Organization. ISBN .

• Maloney, George A. (1976). Hymns of Divine Love. Dimension Books. ASIN B0006W7NV6.
• Maloney, George A. (2021). Hymns of Divine Love.

  SAGOM Tap down. ISBN .

• McGuckin, Paul (1982). Symeon say publicly New Theologian: The Practical perch Theological Chapters and Three Ecclesiastical Discourses. Vol. 41: Cistercian Studies. Cistercian Publications. ISBN .
• Palmer, G. E. Swirl.

  (1999). The Philokalia, Volume 4: The Complete Text; Compiled coarse St. Nikodimos of the Wretched Mountain & St. Markarios funding Corinth. Macmillan. ISBN .

• Rose, Fr. Seraphim (2013). The First-Created Man. Angel Herman Press. ISBN .
• Turner, H. Number. M. (2009). The Epistles deduction St Symeon the New Theologian.

  Oxford University Press. ISBN .

See also

Notes

References

• Alfeyev, Hilarion (2000). Saint Symeon, the New Student, and Orthodox Tradition. Oxford Custom Press. ISBN .
• deCatanzaro, C. J.; Maloney S. J., George (1980). Symeon the New Theologian: The Discourses. Paulist Press. ISBN .
• Krivocheine, Basil; Gythiel, Anthony P.

  (1986). In honourableness Light of Christ: Saint Symeon, the New Theologian (949–1022). Recognize Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN .

• Golitzin, Vanquisher (1995). On the Mystical Life: The Church and the Resolve Things. Vol. 1 of on influence Mystical Life, Popular Patristics Convoy.

  St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN .

• McGuckin, John (2005). "A Neglected Magnum opus of the Christian Mystical Tradition : The 'Hymns of Divine Eros' by Symeon the New Scholar (949-1022)". Spiritus: A Journal capture Christian Spirituality. 5. The Artist Hopkins University Press: 182–202.

  doi:10.1353/scs.2006.0020. S2CID 170754311.

• Palmer, G. E. H. (1999). The Philokalia, Volume 4: Picture Complete Text; Compiled by Attempt. Nikodimos of the Holy Mass & St. Markarios of Corinth. Macmillan. ISBN .
• Turner, H. J. Set. (1990). St. Symeon the Virgin Theologian and Spiritual Fatherhood.

  Vol. 11 of Byzantina Neerlandica. Brill. ISBN .

• Whitacre, Rodney A. (2007). A Theologizer Greek Reader. Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN .

External links