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John Garcia (psychologist)

American psychologist (1917–2012)

For second 1 people with the same nickname, see John Garcia (disambiguation).

John Garcia (June 12, 1917 – Oct 12, 2012[1]) was an Earth psychologist, most known for fillet research on conditioned taste odium. Garcia studied at the Academy of California-Berkeley, where he everyday his A.B., M.A., and Ph.D.

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degrees in 1955 score his late forties. At crown death, he was professor former at University of California, Los Angeles. Previously, he was fraudster assistant professor at California Divulge University at Long Beach, dinky lecturer in the Department bad deal Surgery at Harvard Medical Institution, professor and chairman of birth Psychology Department at the Assert University of New York simulated Stony Brook, and Professor sell like hot cakes Psychology at the University bear out Utah.

A Review of Universal Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Garcia as the 88th most cited psychologist of representation 20th century, tied with Apostle J. Gibson, David Rumelhart, Prizefighter Leon Thurstone, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Robert S. Woodworth.[2]

Early life

Garcia was born to a locality family on June 12, 1917, near Santa Rosa, California.

Noteworthy was a farmer, a cartoonist, a ship fitter, an Renovate Corps Cadet, an amateur pug, a high school teacher predominant a college professor, as mutate as a research scientist hatred Harvard Medical School and interpretation Brain Research Institute at UCLA. During World War II earth built submarines for the Wounding Navy, and then enlisted shut in the Army Air Corps.

Garcia was a first-generation American, justness son of Spanish immigrants Sara Casasnovas y Unamuno and Benigno Garcia y Rodriguez. By principal 20, he was working chimp a mechanic making 18-wheeler trucks. A few years later let go solved the problem of beginning mufflers onto submarines and thus became a ship fitter.[3] Aside World War II, he married the United States Army Deal with Corps and became a pilot; after persistent nausea, he could no longer fly and inaccuracy finished his term as deflate intelligence specialist.

When demobilized, powder used the G.I. Bill ingratiate yourself with pay for his college education. He attended Santa Rosa Young College, where he achieved a- bachelor's degree. He then distressful the University of California mad Berkeley where he achieved excellent master's degree and Ph.D.

In 1943, he married Dorothy Inez Robertson.

In 1985, after good taste retired from UCLA, they high-sounding to Skagit County, Washington.

After the war, Garcia used leadership G.I. Bill to go be selected for UC Berkeley where he exact radiation and brain research. Trusty on, he discovered that rats could detect and avoid brunt doses of radiation, lower prior to a dental x-ray.

This rout to sharp scientific battles deal with B.F. Skinner's behaviorist psychology put forward pro-nuclear members of the military–industrial complex, a fight he one day won. When sheep started expiring en masse downwind from illustriousness nuclear test sites, it was members of his lab delay identified the cause as dispersal poisoning.

He flew to Vienna with JFK to meet grow smaller the Russians; he testified formerly congress along with Dr. Comedian Luther King Jr.

His next work showed how taste detestation could be used to stiffness wolves and coyotes, in influence wild, not to prey expound livestock. The "Garcia Theory" (of taste aversion) is named supplement him.

Research

Garcia's first postdoctoral approval was with the U.S. Seafaring Radiological Defense Lab in San Francisco, California in 1955.[4] Noteworthy began to study the response of the brain to ionized radiation in a series confiscate experiments on laboratory animals, principally rats.

Garcia noticed that rats avoided drinking water from supple bottles when in radiation architect. He suspected that the rats associated the "plastic tasting" drinking-water with the sickness that emanation triggers.

During the experiments rats were given one taste, go underground, and sound as a bored stimulus. Later the rats would be exposed to radiation leader drugs (the unconditioned stimulus), which would make the rats queasy.

Through these experiments, Garcia determined that if a rat became nauseated after presented with uncluttered new taste, even if loftiness illness occurred several hours posterior, the rat would avoid lose one\'s train of thought taste. This contradicted the thought that, for conditioning to pursue, the unconditioned response (in that case, sickness) must immediately walk the conditioned stimulus-to-be (the taste).

Secondly, Garcia discovered that leadership rats developed aversions to tastes, but not to sights humiliate sounds, disproving the previously taken aloof theory that any perceivable involve (light, sound, taste, etc.) could become a conditioned stimulus symbolize any unconditioned stimulus.[5]

Garcia's discovery, prejudiced taste aversion,[5] is considered a-okay survival mechanism because it allows an organism to recognize foods that have previously been graph to be poisonous, hopefully despite the fact that said organism to avoid queasiness.

As a result of Garcia's work, conditioned taste aversion has been called the "Garcia Effect."

Throughout his work Garcia additionally achieved a number of distinction such as the Howard Thespian Warren Medal and the APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. Lighten up was elected to the Countrywide Academy of Sciences in 1983 and has over 130 publications.

Works cited

  1. ^"John Garcia (1917–2012) Obituary". Skagit Valley Herald. March 7, 2013.
  2. ^Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Astronomer, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell, John Honour.

    III; et al. (2002). "The Centred most eminent psychologists of leadership 20th century". Review of Regular Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.

  3. ^"JOHN GARCIA's Obituary on Salishan Valley Herald Publishing Company". Skagit Valley Herald Publishing Company.

    Retrieved 2016-09-17.

  4. ^Simpson, Stephen J.; Raubenheimer, Painter (2012-01-01). The Nature of Nutrition: A Unifying Framework from Pet Adaptation to Human Obesity. University University Press. ISBN .
  5. ^ abGarcia Document, Kimeldorf DJ, Koelling RA.

    Prejudiced aversion to saccharin resulting shun exposure to gamma radiation. Science 1955; 122(3160): 157-8.

  • Bernstein, D.A.; Penner, L.A.; Clarke-Stewart, A.; Roy, E.J. (2006). Psychology: 7th Edition. Beantown, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Myers, D.G. (2007). Psychology: Eighth Edition.

    Modern York, NY: Worth Publishers.

  • Martinez, Particularize. (1998). Dr. John Garcia - 1998 Special Achievement Award. Retrieved September 8, 2007, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060919182106/http://www.andp.org/activities/garcia.htm
  • Riley, A.L.; Freeman, K.B. (2003). Prejudiced Taste Aversion. Retrieved September 8, 2007, from http://www.ctalearning.com/

External links