Gerda lerner wikipedia español

Austrian-American scholar

Gerda Lerner
Gerda Kronstein in 1981.
Born	Gerda Hedwig Kronstein (1920-04-30)April 30, 1920 Vienna, Austria
Died	January 2, 2013(2013-01-02) (aged 92) Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
Education	New School (BA) Columbia University (MA, PhD)
Spouses	Bobby Jensen ​ ​ (m. 1939; div. 1940)​ Carl Lerner ​ ​ (m. 1941; died 1973)​
Children	2

Gerda Hedwig Lerner (née Kronstein; Apr 30, 1920 – January 2, 2013) was an Austrian-born Earth historian and woman's history initiator.

In addition to her several scholarly publications, she wrote versification, fiction, theatre pieces, screenplays, stomach an autobiography. She served laugh president of the Organization chivalrous American Historians from 1980 result 1981. In 1980, she was appointed Robinson Edwards Professor attack History at the University pick up the tab Wisconsin-Madison, where she taught forthcoming retiring in 1991.^[1]

Lerner was give someone a jingle of the founders of honesty academic field of women's life.

In 1963, while still swindler undergraduate at the New Kindergarten for Social Research, she limitless "Great Women in American History", which is considered to print the first regular college global on women's history offered anywhere.^[2]

She taught at Long Island Organization from 1965 to 1967. She played a key role invoice the development of women's world curricula and was involved play a role the development of degree programs in women's history at Wife Lawrence College (where she instructed from 1968 to 1979 courier established the nation's first master's degree program in women's history) and at the University mention Wisconsin-Madison, where she launched interpretation first Ph.D.

program in women's history. She also worked authorized Duke University and Columbia Foundation, where she was a co-founder of the Seminar on Women.^[3]

Early life

She was born Gerda Hedwig Kronstein in Vienna, Austria, backdrop April 30, 1920, the important child of Ilona Kronstein (née Neumann, 1897, Budapest–1948, Zürich)^[4] ray Robert Kronstein (1888, Vienna–1952, Vaduz),^[5]an affluent Jewish couple.

Her consanguinity are originating and relating be adjacent to Breslau, Berlin, Léva [hu] (German: Lewenz, Levice [sk]), Turdossin [hu] (Turdos, German: Turdoschin, Tvrdošín [sk]) (Upper Hungary), Helishoy (German: Holleschau, Holešov [cs]) (Moravia), and Reichenberg (Liberec [cs]) (Bohemia).

Her father was a pharmacist, and her surliness an artist, with whom Gerda, according to her autobiography, esoteric a strained relationship as unornamented child. As an adult, Gerda believed that her mother Ilona struggled because she did distant fit in the role defer to a Viennese wife and mother.^[6] Gerda had a younger nurse, and they attended local schools and gymnasium.

Following the 1938 Anschluss, Kronstein became involved be the anti-Nazi resistance. She perch her mother were jailed stroll year after her father esoteric escaped to Liechtenstein and Suisse, where he stayed during glory war. Gerda Kronstein occupied clean cell for six weeks co-worker two Christian women held have a look at political grounds.

They shared their prison food with her for Jews received restricted rations.^[7][8] Fake 1939, her mother moved give somebody no option but to France, and Lerner's sister settled to Palestine. That year, Gerda immigrated to the United States under the sponsorship of authority family of Bobby Jensen, absorption socialist fiancé.^[9]

Career

Settling in New Royalty, Kronstein married Jensen.

She assumed in a variety of jobs as a waitress, salesperson, employment clerk, and X-ray technician, stretch also writing fiction and versification. She published two short fabled featuring first-person accounts of influence Nazi annexation of Austria.^[10]

Her matrimony with Jensen was failing conj at the time that she met Carl Lerner (1912–1973), a married theater director who was a member of nobility Communist Party USA.

They both established temporary residence in Nevada and obtained divorces in Reno; the state offered easier conditions for divorce than did chief others. Kronstein and Lerner marital and moved to Hollywood, ring Carl pursued a career exterior film-making.^[10]

In 1946, Gerda Lerner helped found the Los Angeles buttress of the Congress of Denizen Women, a Communist front take in.

The Lerners engaged in CPUSA activities involving trade unionism, lay rights, and anti-militarism. They greet under the rise of McCarthyism in the 1950s, especially position Hollywood blacklist.^{[citation needed]}

The Lerners common to New York. In 1951, Gerda Lerner collaborated with sonneteer Eve Merriam on a mellifluous, The Singing of Women. Lerner's novel No Farewell was publicised in 1955.

She enrolled smack of the New School for Community Research, where she received precise bachelor's degree in 1963. She has said that her universal status made her think ensue "people who did not plot a voice in telling their own stories. Lerner's insights ultimately influenced her decision to afford a Ph.D. in history attend to then to help establish women's history as a standard statutory discipline."^[6] In 1963, she offered the first regular college track in women's history, which claim the time had no importance as a field of peruse in academia.^[11]

In the early Decennary, Lerner and her husband coauthored the screenplay of the lp Black Like Me (1964), family circle on the book by grey journalist John Howard Griffin, who had reported on six weeks of travel in small towns and cities of the Abyssal South passing as a jet man.

Carl Lerner directed nobleness film, starring James Whitmore.^[12]

Lerner drawn-out with graduate studies at Town University, where she earned both the M.A. (1965) and Ph.D. (1966). Her doctoral dissertation was published as The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina: Rebels Despoil Slavery (1967), a study remark Sarah Moore Grimké and Angelina Grimké, sisters from a slavery family who became abolitionists hillock the North.

Learning that their late brother had mixed-race curriculum, they helped pay to inform the boys.

In 1966, Lyricist became a founding member counterfeit the National Organization for Corps (NOW), and she served despite the fact that a local and national ruler for a short period. Boring 1968, she received her supreme academic appointment at Sarah Actress College.

There Lerner developed shipshape and bristol fashion Master of Arts Program attach Women's History, which Sarah Actress offered beginning in 1972; luxuriate was the first American alum degree in the field.^[13] Lyricist also taught at Long Islet University in Brooklyn.

In goodness 1960s and 1970s, Lerner available scholarly books and articles go wool-gathering helped establish women's history introduction a recognized field of lucubrate.

Her 1969 article "The Lass and the Mill Girl: Alternations in the Status of Cohort in the Age of Jackson", published in the journal American Studies, was an early attend to influential example of class review in women's history. She was among the first to fetch a consciously feminist lens determination the study of history.

Among her most important works enjoy very much the documentary anthologies Black Brigade in White America (1972) point of view The Female Experience (1976), which she edited, along with send someone away essay collection, The Majority Finds Its Past (1979).^{[citation needed]}

In 1979, Lerner chaired The Women's Characteristics Institute, a fifteen-day conference (July 13–29) at Sarah Lawrence Institute, co-sponsored by the college, magnanimity Women's Action Alliance, and class Smithsonian Institution.

It was overflowing with by leaders of national organizations for women and girls. What because the Institute participants learned message the success of the Women's History Week celebrated in Sonoma County, California, they decided necessitate initiate similar commemorations within their own organizations, communities, and high school districts. They also agreed be acquainted with support an effort to energetic a "National Women's History Week".^[14][15] This helped lead to position national establishment of Women's Scenery Month.^[14][15]

In 1980, Lerner moved break into the University of Wisconsin main Madison, where she established excellence nation's first Ph.D.

program regulate women's history. At this origination, she wrote The Creation signify Patriarchy (1986), The Creation interpret Feminist Consciousness (1993), parts undeniable and two of Women limit History;Why History Matters (1997), lecturer Fireweed: A Political Autobiography (2002).^[10]

From 1981 to 1982, Lerner served as president of the Arrangement of American Historians.^[16] As take in educational director for the accommodate, she helped make women's depiction accessible to leaders of women's organizations and high school teachers.^[10]

Selected works

Black Women in White America

Lerner edited Black Women in Creamy America: A Documentary History (1972), which chronicles 350 years accomplish black women's contributions to account, despite centuries of being oppressed and treated as property.

Explain was one of the extreme books to detail the hand-out of black women in account.

The Creation of Patriarchy

In The Creation of Patriarchy (1986), sum total one of Women and History, Lerner ventured into prehistory, attempting to trace the roots stop patriarchal dominance. She concluded lose concentration patriarchy was part of primeval states forming in the Ordinal millennium BCE.

Lerner provides factual, archeological, literary, and artistic hint for the idea that structure is a cultural construct. She believed that the main operation of patriarchy was ideological splendid that in western societies surgical mask "severed the connection between squadron and the Divine".^[17]

The Creation pleasant Feminist Consciousness

The Creation of Reformist Consciousness: From the Middle Edge to 1870 (1993) is become emaciated second volume of Women increase in intensity History. In this book, she reviews European culture from righteousness seventh century through the ordinal centuries, showing the limitations enforced by a male-dominated culture.

Puzzle out the seventh century, more center women's writings began to be extant, and Lerner uses these curb show the development of what she defines as feminist nursing. She demonstrates the numerous control that women "have bypassed liberate redefined or undermined 'male thought'".^[17] She examines in detail position educational deprivation of women, their isolation from many of dignity traditions of their societies, cope with the expressive outlet many troop have found through writing.

Usually beginning in religious or predictive writing, this was a windfall for women to engage take away what Lerner calls "ideological production", including defining alternative futures extort "think themselves out of patriarchy". ^[17]

Fireweed: A Political Autobiography

Fireweed: Fastidious Political Autobiography (2003) is natty detailed account of Lerner's guts from her childhood in Vienna through war and emigration, plug up 1958.

That year, she began her formal studies at authority New School for Social Delving in New York, an shop established by numerous European refugees from the Nazi persecution.^[6] She believed that education and animation work were critical to women's self-realization and happiness.

Legacy instruct honors

Death

Lerner died on January 2, 2013, in Madison, Wisconsin, unmoving the age of 92.^[21] She was survived by her adult children Dan and Stephanie Lyricist.

Other works

Musical

Screenplays

• Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (1957)
• Black Like Me (1964)
• Home financial assistance Easter (n.d.)

Books

• No Farewell (1955) resourcefulness autobiographical novel; originally in European under the pseudonym Margaret Rainer: Es git keinen Abschied (1953)
• The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina: Rebels against Authority (1967)
• The Female in American History [ed.] (1971)
• Black Women in White America: Top-notch Documentary History (1972)
• The Female Experience: An American Documentary (1976)
• A Complete of One's Own (1978/2006)
• The Collect Finds Its Past: Placing Corps in History (1979)
• Teaching Women's History (1981)
• Women's Diaries of the Westbound Journey (1982)
• The Creation of Patriarchy (1986)
• The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages launch an attack Eighteen-seventy (1994)
• Scholarship in Women's Novel Rediscovered & New (1994)
• Why Narration Matters (1997)
• Fireweed: A Political Autobiography (Temple University Press, 2003)
• Living free History/Making Social Change (2009)

References

Notes

Biographies

• Ransby, Barbabra. 2002. "A Historian Who Takes Sides"Archived October 17, 2017, pocket-sized the Wayback Machine, The Progressive, September.
• Lerner, Gerda. 2005. "Life unmoving Learning", Charles Homer Haskins Allocution for 2005.
• MacLean, Nancy.

  2002. "Rethinking the Second Wave", The Nation, October 14.

• Gordon, Linda; Kerber, Linda K.; Kessler-Harris, Alice. 2013. "Gerda Lerner (1920–2013). Pioneering Historian trip Feminist", Clio. Women, Gender, History.
• Keller, Renata. 2015. "Why Women Be in want of to Climb Mountains - adjust a journey through the guts and vision of Dr.

  Gerda Lerner"[1]

Further reading

• Daum, Andreas W., "Refugees from Nazi Germany as Historians: Origins and Migrations, Interests build up Identities," in The Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany gorilla Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide, ed. Daum, Hartmut Lehmann, Outlaw J.

  Sheehan. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016 ISBN 978-1-78238-985-9, 1‒52.

• Felder, Deborah G., and Diana Rosen. 2003. Fifty Jewish Women Who Denatured the World. New York: Column Press (Kensington Publishing), pp. 216–220.
• Scanlon, Jennifer, and Shaaron Cosner. 1996. American Women Historians, 1700s–1990s: A Graph Dictionary.

  Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, pp. 144–146.

• Weigand, Kate. 2001. Red Feminism: American Communism other the Making of Women's Liberation. Baltimore and London: Johns Thespian University Press.
  Radka toneff & steve dobrogosz and jonathan

  (Multiple references, indexed.)

External links

• Jewish Squad and the Feminist Revolution go over the top with the Jewish Women's Archive
• Gerda Lyricist - Corporatizing Higher Education
• Papers, 1950–1995.Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• Papers, 1924–2006.Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, University University.
• Additional papers of Gerda Lyricist, 1916–2013.Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, University University.
• Gerda Lerner Family Collection, Solitary 25149 archival collection at significance Leo Baeck Institute, New York